Lichens are unique organisms formed by a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. This partnership allows lichens to thrive in diverse and often harsh environments, where neither the fungus nor the algae could survive alone. The fungus provides structure and protection, while the algae or cyanobacteria conduct photosynthesis, producing food for both partners.

Applications:

• Monitoring Air Quality: Lichens are used in long-term monitoring of air quality in urban and industrial areas. They provide a cost-effective and natural means of tracking changes in pollution levels over time.
• Ecological Studies: Lichens are also studied to understand the impact of pollution on ecosystems. Their presence or absence can reveal the health of the surrounding environment.

Lichens are not only a testament to the resilience of life but also a vital component in monitoring and understanding our environment. Their presence—or absence—offers valuable insights into air quality and the health of ecosystems.